According to the Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI): "The nuclear energy industry plays an important role in job creation and economic growth, providing both near-term and lasting employment and economic benefits. The nearly 100 reactors in the United States generate substantial domestic economic value in electricity sales and revenue—$40 billion to $50 billion each year—with more than 100,000 workers contributing to that production.
NEI has conducted经济福利研究分析更多
than half of the nuclear energy facilities in the country. The studies show that the typical nuclear plant generates approximately $470 million in sales of goods and services in the local community and nearly $40 million in total labor income. These figures include both direct and secondary effects. The direct effects reflect the plant’s expenditures for goods, services, labor and profit—approximately $453 million. The secondary effects at the local level—approximately $17 million—include indirect and induced spending attributable to the presence of the plant and its employees as plant expenditures filter through the local economy (e.g., restaurants and shops buying goods and hiring employees). Extended to the state and national economies, secondary impacts increase by $80 million and $393 million, respectively.
Every dollar spent by the industry at a nuclear facility results in the creation of $1.04 in the local community, $1.18 at the state level and $1.87 at the national level. Each plant generates almost $16 million in state and local tax revenue annually. These tax dollars benefit schools, roads, and other state and local infrastructure. The average nuclear plant generates federal tax payments of approximately $67 million annually.
看到NEI的论文核能的经济利益 - 当前和未来for a detailed summary of the economic benefits studies. Also seeReport: Nuclear Energy Essential to Illinois Economy, Environment和NEI Study: Davis-Besse Plant Generates $1.1 Billion Per Year for Ohio.
维持美国的能源多样性
Diverse energy sources enable the United States to balance the cost of electricity production, availability and environmental impacts to our best advantage. Coal, natural gas and nuclear energy are the foundation of the nation’s electricity supply system. Coal produces 38.7 percent of the country’s electricity, natural gas provides 27.4 percent and nuclear provides 19.5 percent. The rest comes from hydroelectric dams and renewable energy. Each source of electricity has unique advantages and disadvantages, and each has its place in a balanced electricity supply portfolio.
Natural gas-fired electricity generation has more than doubled since 1990 to 30 percent of all production. Natural gas fuels nearly all power plants built over the past 15 years. However, natural gas is subject to significant price fluctuations. The greater the country’s reliance on natural gas, the greater the likelihood that electricity prices will experience increased volatility in the future.
The polar vortex uncovered some significant vulnerabilities in the electric supply system. In PJM, during the extreme cold in early January 2014, a little over 40,000 megawatts – 22 percent of PJM’s installed capacity – was forced out of service because coal piles and coal-handling equipment froze, gas wells froze at the wellhead, fuel oil deliveries and barge traffic were interrupted, or gas-fired plants simply could not purchase natural gas at any price. In MISO, approximately 33,000 megawatts of capacity was forced out of service, one-quarter of which was gas-fired capacity. Nuclear power plants had average capacity factors in the mid-90 percent range. Fuel and technology diversity is the bedrock of a reliable, resilient system, and premature shutdown of nuclear units would compromise that value.
Uranium fuel for U.S. nuclear power plants is abundant and readily available from stable allies, such as Canada and Australia. The long-term stability of fuel cost, coupled with industry success over the past 15 years in reducing operating costs, makes America’s reactors among the lowest-cost sources of electricity available."
World-nuclear.org Nuclear Power Economics and Project Structuring 2017 Edition states:
"Nuclear power is an economic source of electricity generation, combining the advantages of security, reliability, virtually zero greenhouse gas emissions and cost competitiveness. Existing plants function well with a high degree of predictability. The operating costs of these plants are usually very competitive, with a low risk of significant operating cost inflation. The capacity factors of existing plants are high (over 90% in the US). Nuclear power plants provide electricity when it is needed. Plants are now expected to operate for 60 years and even longer in future.
The International Energy Agency (IEA) sees the global demand for electricity growing at 1.9% per year in the period to 2040. Given this demand environment, coupled with the desire to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions from the generation of electricity, the IEA projects growth of an annualised 2.3% in nuclear generation over that period.
Nuclear competes well with rival generation technologies as is indicated by the assessment of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) - Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) & IEA, although the level of competitiveness does vary at different discount rates and between countries. In the pivotal Chinese market, nuclear has a lower levelised cost of generating electricity (LCOE) than any other technology barring hydro.
在某些电力市场中，尤其是那些不受碳成本惩罚的不受限制的，间歇性可再生产生和燃气发电的人，这给包括核能在内的所有基础加载发电机造成了经济困难。如果将竞争对手技术的系统和外部成本添加到植物水平的成本中，则核能的竞争力得到了增强。为了充分实现核的这些优势，决策者需要解决基本的市场设计问题。在某些国家，放松管制的市场正在部分重新调节，以便对核电带来的质量（可靠性，安全性，零排放）赋予货币价值。
新核电厂的经济学受到其资本成本的严重影响，其资本成本至少占电力成本的60％。利息费用和建设期是确定总体资本成本的重要变量。IEA3认为，某些国家 /地区的核资本成本升级比实际的反应堆建设和引入新设计更为明显。在维持持续发展计划的国家中，已经包含了资本成本，就韩国而言，甚至减少了。在过去的十五年中，全球中位建筑期限下降了。一旦建造了核电站，电力的生产成本就很低且可预测的稳定。”
What are the components of nuclear plant safety and maintenance?
去污与退役（D＆D）/waste management, commercial grade dedication, reverse engineering/obsolescence, cable testing/aging, siesmic walkdowns, spent fuel processing, thermal hydraulics, severe accident management, probablistic risk assessment (PRA), MAAP/FateTM软件coding, gas/air intrusion,nuclear plant analysis, fire modeling, verification and validation, Fukushima type engineering are few of the activities associated with nuclear safety, maintenance and shut down.
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